Exercise 35 Passive Voice
1. The President was called by somebody everyday
2. The other members were called by John
3. Mr. Watson will call by somebody tonight
4. Considerable damage has been caused bay the fire
5. The supplies should buy for this class by the teacher
Exercise 36 : Causative Verbs (page : 135)
1. The
Teacher made Juan to leave the room
2. Toshiko had her car repaired by a mechanic
3. Ellen got Marvin typed her paper
4. I made Jane called her friend on the telephone
5. We got our house painted last week
6. Dr Byrd is having the students wrote a composition
7. The Policemen made the suspect lie on the ground
8. Mark got his transcript sent to the university
9. Maria is getting her hair to cut tomorrow
10. We will have to get the Dean to sign this form
11. The teacher let Al leave the classroom
12. Maria got Ed washed the pipettes
13. She always has her car fix by the same mechanic
14. Gene got his book published by a subsidy publisher
15. We have to help Janet to find her keys
2. Toshiko had her car repaired by a mechanic
3. Ellen got Marvin typed her paper
4. I made Jane called her friend on the telephone
5. We got our house painted last week
6. Dr Byrd is having the students wrote a composition
7. The Policemen made the suspect lie on the ground
8. Mark got his transcript sent to the university
9. Maria is getting her hair to cut tomorrow
10. We will have to get the Dean to sign this form
11. The teacher let Al leave the classroom
12. Maria got Ed washed the pipettes
13. She always has her car fix by the same mechanic
14. Gene got his book published by a subsidy publisher
15. We have to help Janet to find her keys
Passive Voice
Passive voice merupakan struktur kalimat penulisan dalam bahasa Inggris yang mana subject (pelaku) dari kalimat tersebut dikenakan suatu pekerjaan. Passive voice tidak hanya ada dalam bahasa Inggris saja, dalam bahasa Indonesia kita mengenal Kalimat Pasif dengan perubahan yang sangat simple yaitu imbuhan di- / ter-. Misalkan Rini membaca sebuah novel (kalimat aktif) novel dibaca oleh Rini (kalimat pasif).
Passive voice merupakan struktur kalimat penulisan dalam bahasa Inggris yang mana subject (pelaku) dari kalimat tersebut dikenakan suatu pekerjaan. Passive voice tidak hanya ada dalam bahasa Inggris saja, dalam bahasa Indonesia kita mengenal Kalimat Pasif dengan perubahan yang sangat simple yaitu imbuhan di- / ter-. Misalkan Rini membaca sebuah novel (kalimat aktif) novel dibaca oleh Rini (kalimat pasif).
Pola Passive Voice
Perubahan active voice ke passive
voice tidak semudah perubahan kalimat aktif ke dalam kalimat pasif
dalam bahasa Indonesia.
Pola:
S + Be + Verb-3 + By Agent
S + Be + Verb-3 + By Agent
Ket:
S: Subjek
Be: To be
Verb-3: Kata kerja bentuk ketiga
By Agent: Pelaku
Contoh:
Rini
reads Novel. (Active Voice)
[S]
[V1] [Object]
Novel
is read by
Rini. (Passive Voice)
[S] [to
be] [V3] [by agent]
Dalam pembuatan kalimat passive
voice, kita tidak akan lepas dengan yang namanya tenses. Yup,
karena dalam penentuan 'to be' pada kalimat passive voice tergantung
pada tenses kalimat aktifnya.
Tenses
|
Active Voice
|
Passive Voice
|
Simpe Present
|
He buys a novel.
|
A novel is bought by him.
|
Present Continous
|
He is buying a novel.
|
A novel is being bought by him.
|
Present Perfect
|
He has bought a novel.
|
A novel has been bought by him.
|
Present Perfect Continous
|
He has been buying a novel.
|
A novel has been being bought by him.
|
Simple Past
|
He bought a novel.
|
A novel was bought by him.
|
Past Continous
|
He was buying a novel.
|
A novel was being bought by him.
|
Past Perfect
|
He had bought a novel.
|
A novel had been bought by him.
|
Past Perfect Continous
|
He had been buying a novel.
|
A novel had been being bought by him.
|
Simple Future
|
He will buy a novel.
|
A novel will be bought by him.
|
Future Continous
|
He will be buying a novel.
|
A novel will be being bought by him.
|
Future Perfect
|
He will have bought a novel.
|
A novel will have been bought by him.
|
Future Perfect Continous
|
He will have been buying a novel.
|
A novel will have been being bought by him.
|
Kalimat Yang Tidak Dapat Dipasifkan
Sebagaimana kita ketahui bawah hanya active
voice (kalimat aktif) yang menggunakan verb (kata
kerja) transitif (yang membutuhkan object) saja yang bisa
dipasifkan. Misalkan:
He steals the
television. (active voice)
the television is stolen by him. (passive voice)
the television is stolen by him. (passive voice)
Kalimat aktif di atas merupakan kalimat
yang mengandung verb transtif yaitu 'steal' dan objek 'television'.
Sebagaimana penjelasan di atas bahwa kalimat yang mengandung transtif verb itu
lah yang bisa dipasifkan. Tapi tidak semua kalimat bahasa Inggris bisa
dipasifkan. Berikut ini merupakan jenis-jenis kalimat tersebut.
1. Kalimat Nominal
Kalimat Nominal adalah kalimat bahasa
Inggris yang membutuhkan tobe (am, is, are, was, were) sebagai kata
kerja utama. Contoh:
I am beautiful.
He is sad.
They were tired.
He is sad.
They were tired.
Jenis kalimat tersebut di atas tidak
dapat dipasifkan.
2. Kalimat Yang Menggunakan Intransitive Verb
Jenis kalimat yang ke dua yang tidak
bisa dipasifkan adalah jenis kalimat yang mengandung verb (kata kerja)
intransitif atau kata kerja yang tidak membutuhkan objek. Contoh:
I sleep there.
He arraives at home.
She dies.
He arraives at home.
She dies.
Verb (kata kerja) intransitive seperti
'sleep', 'arrive' dan 'die' yang tidak memiliki objek tidak bisa dipasifkan.
3. Kalimat yang menggunakan Transitive
Verb tertentu.
Saat kita ingin membuat kalimat pasif
sarat utamanya adalah menggunakan Transitive Verb (kata kerja yang membutuhkan
objek). Namun, ada pengecualian untuk Transitive Verb dibawah ini yang memang
tidak bisa dipasifkan walaupun termasuk kedalam Transitive Verb. Transitif Verb
di bawah ini termasuk ke dalam Stative Verbs, Seperti:
Lack (kurang) : Your
mother lacks tact.
Fit (pas) : My shoes don't fit me.
Suit (Cocok) : This dress suits me well.
Have (memiliki) : They have a nice house.
Resemble (mirip) : Sylvia resembles a Greek goddness.
Fit (pas) : My shoes don't fit me.
Suit (Cocok) : This dress suits me well.
Have (memiliki) : They have a nice house.
Resemble (mirip) : Sylvia resembles a Greek goddness.
Jika sebuah kalimat aktif terdapat verb
transitive seperti di atas (lack, fit, suit, have, dan resemble) termasuk
kalimat aktif yang tidak dapat dipasifkan.
Penulisan By Agent
Dalam penulisan passive voice, kita
biasanya menggunakan 'By' untuk menunjukan agent atau pelaku - orang atau benda
yang melakukan pekerjaan atau yang menyebabkan sesuatu terjadi. Penulisan 'By
Agent' pada kalimat passive voice ditujukan karena untuk menambah informasi
dalam kalimat passive voice tersebut. Contoh:
This house was built by
my grandfather.
This great novel was written by JJ. Tolkien
This great novel was written by JJ. Tolkien
Tetapi tidak semua kalimat passive
voice harus mencantumkan 'By Agent'. Kita boleh tidak menyertakan 'By Agent'
dalam pembuatan passive voice jika orang atau benda yang melakukan pekerjaan
tidak diketahui atau tidak penting. Contoh:
A lot of money was
stolen in the robbery. (Tidak diketahui pelakunya)
The road is cleaned everyday. (Tidak terlalu penting pelakunya)
The road is cleaned everyday. (Tidak terlalu penting pelakunya)